# Publications

Fit for war in decades: Europe’s and Germany’s slow rearmament vis-a-vis Russia

War is back in Europe and as it becomes long-lasting, the question of armament gains central im-portance. This report finds that Russian military industrial capacities have been rising strongly in the last two years, wel...

11th September 2024 by Guntram Wolff, Alexandr Burilkov, Katelyn Bushnell, Ivan Kharitonov 120 views

# Publications

Memo to the commissioner responsible for defence

You face the major challenges of Russian imperialism in the context of a potential United States retreat from Europe and a complex EU defence situation in which defence governance is spread across EU countries and variou...

5th September 2024 by Guntram Wolff 82 views

# Blog, Publications

What role do imports play in European defence?

The European Union wants to reduce reliance on imported defence equipment, but the reliance seems to be overstated. Our analysis for Bruegel The European Defence Industrial Strategy (EDIS), published in March 2024, propo...

4th July 2024 by Juan Mejino Lopez, Guntram B. Wolff 91 views

# Blog, Publications

Debt financing European air defence

A case can be made for financing European air defence through issuance of EU debt. Our analysis on Bruegel. Introduction Ukraine is not the only part of Europe vulnerable to missiles and air attacks[1]. Cu...

28th June 2024 by Armin Steinbach, Guntram Wolff 105 views

# Publications

Using the financial system to enforce export controls

Russian imports of battlefield goods that are subject to export controls, including from Western producers, have surged since mid-2022 and reached levels close to those prior to Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine. R...

6th May 2024 by Benjamin Hilgenstock, Elina Ribakova, Guntram B. Wolff, Anna Vlasyuk 59 views

# Blog, Publications

The European defence industrial strategy: important, but raising many questions

The European defence industrial strategy helps to focus thinking but has significant flaws This was first published on Bruegel. In the context of the war in Ukraine and the deteriorating security situation on the contine...

19th March 2024 by Guntram Wolff 140 views

# Publications

CBAM, Hydrogen Partnerships and Egypt’s Industry: Potential for Synergies

New article published in Intereconomics: Review of European Economic Policy (link) This article examines the hydrogen partnerships between Germany, the EU and Egypt in the context of the EU’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mec...

28th February 2024 by Alexandra Gritz, Guntram Wolff 83 views

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# Publications

The macroeconomics of decarbonisation

Our Cambridge University Press book is out and available. Have a look....

21st February 2024 by Grégory Claeys, Marie Le Mouel, Simone Tagliapietra, Guntram B. Wolff, Georg Zachmann 100 views

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# Publications

Trump-Proofing Europe

How the Continent Can Prepare for American Abandonment Our article in Foreign Affairs Our article in German Council on Foreign Relations...

6th February 2024 by Arancha González Laya, Camille Grand, Katarzyna Pisarska, Nathalie Tocci, and Guntram Wolff 103 views

# Publications

Systemic Rivalry of China and the West in Climate Policy

Despite its systemic rivalry with China, the West has three options that could help it achieve tangible action in the sphere of climate policy. This article was published in the academic journal The Economists’ Voi...

5th October 2023 by Guntram Wolff 104 views